Click the button "Resize Your Images for Free" to get started. Upload an image you want to resize. Next, click the image resizer tool, enter a new size for your image in the "Width" and "Height" fields. Alternatively, you can resize your image by adjusting the percentage. If you want to maintain the original image's ratio, keep the "Keep ...PHP is a server-side scripting language created in 1995 by Rasmus Lerdorf. PHP is a widely-used open source general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML. What is PHP used for? As of October 2018, PHP is used on 80% of websites whose server-side language is known. It is typically ...It is the bitwise shift operator. Specifically, the left-shift operator. It takes the left-hand argument and shifts the binary representation to the left by the number of bits specified by the right-hand argument, for example: 1 << 2 = 4. because 1 (decimal) is 1 (binary); left-shift twice makes it 100 which is 4 in decimal.Softwood Timber Dimensions. Softwood lumber that has a thickness over 5" is called timber. While NIST Publication PS20 indicates that nominal 7" to 15" thick timbers should have 3/4" removed for a finished dimension (e.g. a nominal 8x8 timber has a minimum finished size of 7.25" x 7.25"), most timbers over 7" are finished with 1/2" removed.Get the latest 1 US Dollar to Philippine Peso rate for FREE with the original Universal Currency Converter. Set rate alerts for USD to PHP and learn more about US Dollars and Philippine Pesos from XE - the Currency Authority. Instant free online tool for millimeter to inch conversion or vice versa. The millimeter [mm] to inch [in] conversion table and conversion steps are also listed. Also, explore tools to convert millimeter or inch to other length units or learn more about length conversions. To change the PHP settings, open your User or Workspace Settings ( ⌘, (Windows, Linux Ctrl+,)) and type 'php' to filter the list of available settings. To set the PHP executable path, select the Edit in settings.json link under PHP > Validate: Executable Path, which will open your user settings.json file.Plywood is usually sold in 4 x 8-foot sheets. The most common nominal thicknesses of plywood are 1/2 inch and 3/4 inch, but once again the actual sizes are slightly different. A sheet of 1/2-inch plywood is really 15/32 inch thick, while a 3/4-inch sheet is 23/32 inch thick. Plywood is graded so that each face receives a grade of A, B, C, or D ...Portal berita hari ini tentang Jawa Timur, Surabaya, Malang, Madiun, Jember, Sidoarjo, Gresik, Madura, Banyuwangi, Kediri, Bojonegoro, Jombang, Mojokerto dllInches to Pixels Converter. You can also use our pixel converter to convert inches to pixels. Please type the inch value and the resolution value to convert inches to pixels (px). 1 in = 96 px. px: pixels, in: inches, dpi: dots per inch (pixel density) Facebook Twitter. PHP 8.3.0 RC 1 available for testing. Predefined Variables. Predefined Exceptions. Predefined Interfaces and Classes. Predefined Attributes. Supported Protocols and Wrappers. Variable and Type Related Extensions. "MyClass::myFunc () ""OtherClass::myFunc () ". A class constant, class property (static), and class function (static) can all share ...To answer Those Question Today I have share a list of Mild Steel Square Tube (SHS)weight Chart. in my previous post i have share Rectangle ms tube (RHS ) weight chart. also you can read my pos t Easy weight calculation formula. This Weight list made by base on theoretical formula it has Tolerance “±” 5 to 10 %.PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor. popular general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited to web development. Fast, flexible and pragmatic, PHP powers everything from your blog to the most popular websites in the world. What's new in 8.2 Download. 8.2.9 · Changelog · Upgrading.PHP can create, open, read, write, delete, and close files on the server. PHP can collect form data. PHP can send and receive cookies. PHP can add, delete, modify data in your database. PHP can be used to control user-access. PHP can encrypt data. With PHP you are not limited to output HTML. You can output images or PDF files.To change the PHP settings, open your User or Workspace Settings ( ⌘, (Windows, Linux Ctrl+,)) and type 'php' to filter the list of available settings. To set the PHP executable path, select the Edit in settings.json link under PHP > Validate: Executable Path, which will open your user settings.json file.PHP operators for beginners and professionals with examples, php file, php session, php date, php array, php form, functions, time, xml, ajax, php mysql, regex ...Grav 1.7.29 PHP 8.1 benchmark results: 2137.43 req/sec 🏆; PHP 8.1 is the undisputed winner with Grav, closely followed by PHP 8.0 and the rest. Being a relatively new CMS, it has a smaller market share than WordPress. Hence, it can drop support for older PHP versions quite quickly. That’s one of the most significant advantages of modern CMSs.Aug 1, 2023 · PHP Character Encoding Requirements; Multibyte String Functions. mb_check_encoding — Check if strings are valid for the specified encoding; mb_chr — Return character by Unicode code point value; mb_convert_case — Perform case folding on a string; mb_convert_encoding — Convert a string from one character encoding to another MySQL is a database system used on the web. MySQL is a database system that runs on a server. MySQL is ideal for both small and large applications. MySQL is very fast, reliable, and easy to use. MySQL uses standard SQL. MySQL compiles on a number of platforms. MySQL is free to download and use. MySQL is developed, distributed, and supported by ...PHP (recursive acronym for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) is a widely-used open source general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML.Example Get your own PHP Server. When the user fills out the form above and clicks the submit button, the form data is sent for processing to a PHP file named "welcome.php". The form data is sent with the HTTP POST method. To display the submitted data you could simply echo all the variables. The "welcome.php" looks like this:Get the latest 1 US Dollar to Philippine Peso rate for FREE with the original Universal Currency Converter. Set rate alerts for USD to PHP and learn more about US Dollars and Philippine Pesos from XE - the Currency Authority.Grav 1.7.29 PHP 8.1 benchmark results: 2137.43 req/sec 🏆; PHP 8.1 is the undisputed winner with Grav, closely followed by PHP 8.0 and the rest. Being a relatively new CMS, it has a smaller market share than WordPress. Hence, it can drop support for older PHP versions quite quickly. That’s one of the most significant advantages of modern CMSs.Comment by !Rdznn_lk.xit"031. ️. 2023-05-13T00:08:31Z. Users who like Vulgo FK, Kayblack e MC Cebezinho - Meca Cereja; Users who reposted Vulgo FK, Kayblack e MC Cebezinho - Meca Cereja Sep 6, 2023 · Portal berita hari ini tentang Jawa Timur, Surabaya, Malang, Madiun, Jember, Sidoarjo, Gresik, Madura, Banyuwangi, Kediri, Bojonegoro, Jombang, Mojokerto dll Portal berita hari ini tentang Jawa Timur, Surabaya, Malang, Madiun, Jember, Sidoarjo, Gresik, Madura, Banyuwangi, Kediri, Bojonegoro, Jombang, Mojokerto dllJul 12, 2023 · 4″ x 4″ x 4 mm. 1500.00. 2″ x 6″ x 2 mm. 3000.00. 3″ x 1″ x 2 mm. 1580.00. Price and Standard Size of Tubular Steel or Steel Tube per pc In the Philippines. Commercially Available Length for Tubular Steel or Steel Tube is 6 meters. UPDATED: Construction Material Prices for Tubular Steel in the Philippines (July 2023) Inches to Pixels Converter. You can also use our pixel converter to convert inches to pixels. Please type the inch value and the resolution value to convert inches to pixels (px). 1 in = 96 px. px: pixels, in: inches, dpi: dots per inch (pixel density) Facebook Twitter.Open Microsoft Word and create a new document. On the main menu, click the Insert tab and then select Pictures. Choose the source image that you want to turn into a 1×1 picture. After selecting the photo, click Insert. You can also insert the image into your document by copying (Ctrl + C) and pasting (Ctrl + V) it.PHP's behaviour when using more than one unparenthesized ternary operator within a single expression is non-obvious compared to other languages. Indeed prior to PHP 8.0.0, ternary expressions were evaluated left-associative, instead of right-associative like most other programming languages.Jul 12, 2023 · 4″ x 4″ x 4 mm. 1500.00. 2″ x 6″ x 2 mm. 3000.00. 3″ x 1″ x 2 mm. 1580.00. Price and Standard Size of Tubular Steel or Steel Tube per pc In the Philippines. Commercially Available Length for Tubular Steel or Steel Tube is 6 meters. UPDATED: Construction Material Prices for Tubular Steel in the Philippines (July 2023) SHIMANO TOURNEY TY TOP SWING Front Derailleur (Clamp Band Mount) 3x8/7/6-speed VIEW PRODUCT. FD-TY606-L. SHIMANO TOURNEY TY TOP SWING Front Derailleur (Clamp Band Mount) 2x8/7/6-speed VIEW PRODUCT. FD-TY500-TS3. SHIMANO TOURNEY TY TOP SWING Front Derailleur (Clamp Band Mount) 3x7/6-speed VIEW PRODUCT. FD-TY500-TS6.Click the button "Resize Your Images for Free" to get started. Upload an image you want to resize. Next, click the image resizer tool, enter a new size for your image in the "Width" and "Height" fields. Alternatively, you can resize your image by adjusting the percentage. If you want to maintain the original image's ratio, keep the "Keep ...Install and enable the gRPC extension for PHP, which you will need to use the client library. Add the Cloud Firestore PHP library to your app: composer require google/cloud-firestore; C#. The Cloud Firestore server client libraries (Java, Node.js, Python, Go, PHP, C#, and Ruby) use Google Application Default Credentials for authentication.Get the latest 1 US Dollar to Philippine Peso rate for FREE with the original Universal Currency Converter. Set rate alerts for USD to PHP and learn more about US Dollars and Philippine Pesos from XE - the Currency Authority.Comment by !Rdznn_lk.xit"031. ️. 2023-05-13T00:08:31Z. Users who like Vulgo FK, Kayblack e MC Cebezinho - Meca Cereja; Users who reposted Vulgo FK, Kayblack e MC Cebezinho - Meca Cereja Null byte injection in PHP concerns how null bytes are handled in filesystem operations. If an attacker can inject a null byte into a filepath, the underlying C function will disregard anything after the malicious character.لغة PHP (والتي هي اختصارٌ تعاودي للعبارة PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) هي لغةٌ مفتوحة المصدر شائعة الاستخدام لها مجال استخدامٍ عامٍ لكنها تناسب تطوير الويب ودمج لغة HTML معها. الذي يُميّز PHP عن الشيفرات التي ...PHP (recursive acronym for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) is a widely-used open source general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML.Stream Lil Poppa - Im The One by New School Portal on desktop and mobile. Play over 320 million tracks for free on SoundCloud.Reducing the size of an image sometimes might loose it`s quality and might loose certain pixels and the picture might be out of use or cannot be good to look. But in order to re-size the picture there are many options you might like to try, Like using a third party application that would let you re-size the photo without loosing its quality.It is the bitwise shift operator. Specifically, the left-shift operator. It takes the left-hand argument and shifts the binary representation to the left by the number of bits specified by the right-hand argument, for example: 1 << 2 = 4. because 1 (decimal) is 1 (binary); left-shift twice makes it 100 which is 4 in decimal.First, you need to choose a formal photo that you want to make into a 1×1 photo. Take note that the photo must be somewhat formal or presentable as it would be used in a formal document. Next, right-click on your photo and select copy. Then, open your Microsoft Word and create a blank document. Then, right-click on the blank page and select paste.Portal berita hari ini tentang Jawa Timur, Surabaya, Malang, Madiun, Jember, Sidoarjo, Gresik, Madura, Banyuwangi, Kediri, Bojonegoro, Jombang, Mojokerto dllMillimeter to Philippine Peso Data. The MM to PHP conversion rate today is ₱0.0208 and has decreased by <0.01% in the last 24 hours. Our converter updates in real time giving you accurate data every time you use it to make a conversion. The current price direction of Millimeter is increasing because MM is up 15.61% in the last 30 days.PHP is a server scripting language, and a powerful tool for making dynamic and interactive Web pages. PHP is a widely-used, free, and efficient alternative to competitors such as Microsoft's ASP. Start learning PHP now ». It is the bitwise shift operator. Specifically, the left-shift operator. It takes the left-hand argument and shifts the binary representation to the left by the number of bits specified by the right-hand argument, for example: 1 << 2 = 4. because 1 (decimal) is 1 (binary); left-shift twice makes it 100 which is 4 in decimal.Our basic PHP website is going to feature a home page, including biographical information and some images. For this simple PHP website, you're going to create a single PHP page populated by content from three HTML pages. The index.php file you create can then be edited by adjusting the words and images from the original HTML files.A query string carries textual data so there is no option but to explode the array, encode it correctly and pass it in a representational format of your choice: p1=value1&pN=valueN... data= [value1,...,valueN] data= {p1:value1,...,pN:valueN} and then decode it in your server side code. Share.Aug 1, 2023 · Bit shifting in PHP is arithmetic. Bits shifted off either end are discarded. Left shifts have zeros shifted in on the right while the sign bit is shifted out on the left, meaning the sign of an operand is not preserved. Right shifts have copies of the sign bit shifted in on the left, meaning the sign of an operand is preserved. PHP is a server-side scripting language created in 1995 by Rasmus Lerdorf. PHP is a widely-used open source general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML. What is PHP used for? As of October 2018, PHP is used on 80% of websites whose server-side language is known. It is typically ...It is the bitwise shift operator. Specifically, the left-shift operator. It takes the left-hand argument and shifts the binary representation to the left by the number of bits specified by the right-hand argument, for example: 1 << 2 = 4. because 1 (decimal) is 1 (binary); left-shift twice makes it 100 which is 4 in decimal.We are a market leader in parcel delivery and e-commerce solutions, providing a broad range of delivery and innovative services for customers worldwide. Committed to delivering progress, we are accelerating and scaling transformative change. We are driven by the belief that better business is better for business. Learn more.Practice is key to mastering coding, and the best way to put your PHP knowledge into practice is by getting practical with code. Use W3Schools Spaces to build, test and deploy code. The code editor lets you write and practice different types of computer languages. It includes PHP, but you can use it for other languages too. Aug 31, 2023 · Install and enable the gRPC extension for PHP, which you will need to use the client library. Add the Cloud Firestore PHP library to your app: composer require google/cloud-firestore; C#. The Cloud Firestore server client libraries (Java, Node.js, Python, Go, PHP, C#, and Ruby) use Google Application Default Credentials for authentication. Arrow functions have the basic form fn (argument_list) => expr . Arrow functions support the same features as anonymous functions, except that using variables from the parent scope is always automatic. When a variable used in the expression is defined in the parent scope it will be implicitly captured by-value.PHP is a server scripting language, and a powerful tool for making dynamic and interactive Web pages. PHP is a widely-used, free, and efficient alternative to competitors such as Microsoft's ASP. Start learning PHP now ».Null byte injection in PHP concerns how null bytes are handled in filesystem operations. If an attacker can inject a null byte into a filepath, the underlying C function will disregard anything after the malicious character.Formulas and Calculations for a right triangle: Pythagorean Theorem for Right Triangle: a 2 + b 2 = c 2. Perimeter of Right Triangle: P = a + b + c. Semiperimeter of Right Triangle: s = (a + b + c) / 2. Area of Right Triangle: K = (a * b) / 2. Altitude a of Right Triangle: h a = b.FastCGI Process Manager (FPM) Installation. Configuration. Installation of PECL extensions. Introduction to PECL Installations. Downloading PECL extensions. Installing a PHP extension on Windows. Compiling shared PECL extensions with the pecl command. Compiling shared PECL extensions with phpize.Comment by !Rdznn_lk.xit"031. ️. 2023-05-13T00:08:31Z. Users who like Vulgo FK, Kayblack e MC Cebezinho - Meca Cereja; Users who reposted Vulgo FK, Kayblack e MC Cebezinho - Meca CerejaFormulas and Calculations for a right triangle: Pythagorean Theorem for Right Triangle: a 2 + b 2 = c 2. Perimeter of Right Triangle: P = a + b + c. Semiperimeter of Right Triangle: s = (a + b + c) / 2. Area of Right Triangle: K = (a * b) / 2. Altitude a of Right Triangle: h a = b.The Indian passport photo size dimensions are set at 51x51 mm or (2"x2") The picture should be in color. The background should be white or off-white with no distracting objects. The print quality should be consistent. You face - from forehead to chin - should be clearly visible on the photo. No object should obscure any part of your face.Nov 12, 2018 · Formulas and Calculations for a right triangle: Pythagorean Theorem for Right Triangle: a 2 + b 2 = c 2. Perimeter of Right Triangle: P = a + b + c. Semiperimeter of Right Triangle: s = (a + b + c) / 2. Area of Right Triangle: K = (a * b) / 2. Altitude a of Right Triangle: h a = b. لغة PHP (والتي هي اختصارٌ تعاودي للعبارة PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) هي لغةٌ مفتوحة المصدر شائعة الاستخدام لها مجال استخدامٍ عامٍ لكنها تناسب تطوير الويب ودمج لغة HTML معها. الذي يُميّز PHP عن الشيفرات التي ...U+2105. ‰. Per mille sign. U+2030. ‱. Per ten thousand sign. U+2031. Fraction Symbols are text icons that you can copy and paste like regular text. These Fraction Symbols can be used in any desktop, web, or phone application.Portal berita hari ini tentang Jawa Timur, Surabaya, Malang, Madiun, Jember, Sidoarjo, Gresik, Madura, Banyuwangi, Kediri, Bojonegoro, Jombang, Mojokerto dllPHP is a server side scripting language that is embedded in HTML. It is used to manage dynamic content, databases, session tracking, even build entire e-commerce sites. It is integrated with a number of popular databases, including MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, Sybase, Informix, and Microsoft SQL Server. PHP is pleasingly zippy in its execution ...Monitor Components List 1.Arm Blood Pressure Meter 4.User manual 2.Cuff (Type BF applied part) (about 22cm~42cm) 3. Storage bag In order to get the best effect and protect your Arm Blood Pressure Meter,Convert 1 x 1 inches to cm. To convert length x width dimensions from inches to centimeters we should multiply each amount by the conversion factor.Inches to Pixels Converter. You can also use our pixel converter to convert inches to pixels. Please type the inch value and the resolution value to convert inches to pixels (px). 1 in = 96 px. px: pixels, in: inches, dpi: dots per inch (pixel density) Facebook Twitter.It would appear that in php the increment in the left side of the assignment is processed prior to processing the right side of the assignment, whereas in C, neither increment occurs until after the assignment.The user friendly PHP online compiler that allows you to Write PHP code and run it online. The PHP text editor also supports taking input from the user and standard libraries.Aug 1, 2023 · Bit shifting in PHP is arithmetic. Bits shifted off either end are discarded. Left shifts have zeros shifted in on the right while the sign bit is shifted out on the left, meaning the sign of an operand is not preserved. Right shifts have copies of the sign bit shifted in on the left, meaning the sign of an operand is preserved. Aug 1, 2023 · PHP Character Encoding Requirements; Multibyte String Functions. mb_check_encoding — Check if strings are valid for the specified encoding; mb_chr — Return character by Unicode code point value; mb_convert_case — Perform case folding on a string; mb_convert_encoding — Convert a string from one character encoding to another PHP Operators. Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values. PHP divides the operators in the following groups: Arithmetic operators. Assignment operators. Comparison operators. Increment/Decrement operators. Logical operators. String operators. Practice is key to mastering coding, and the best way to put your PHP knowledge into practice is by getting practical with code. Use W3Schools Spaces to build, test and deploy code. The code editor lets you write and practice different types of computer languages. It includes PHP, but you can use it for other languages too. A session is started with the session_start () function. Session variables are set with the PHP global variable: $_SESSION. Now, let's create a new page called "demo_session1.php". In this page, we start a new PHP session and set some session variables:Inches to Pixels Converter. You can also use our pixel converter to convert inches to pixels. Please type the inch value and the resolution value to convert inches to pixels (px). 1 in = 96 px. px: pixels, in: inches, dpi: dots per inch (pixel density) Facebook Twitter.
PHP is a server-side scripting language designed specifically for web development. It is open-source which means it is free to download and use. It is very simple to learn and use. The files have the extension “.php”. Rasmus Lerdorf inspired the first version of PHP and participated in the later versions. It is an interpreted language and .... Apple pay dollar20 picture
Try as follows , You can use both the $_SERVER ['REQUEST_TIME'] variable or the time ()function. Both of these return a Unix timestamp. Most of the time these two solutions will yield the exact same Unix Timestamp. The difference between these is that $_SERVER ['REQUEST_TIME'] returns the time stamp of the most recent server request and time ...First, you need to choose a formal photo that you want to make into a 1×1 photo. Take note that the photo must be somewhat formal or presentable as it would be used in a formal document. Next, right-click on your photo and select copy. Then, open your Microsoft Word and create a blank document. Then, right-click on the blank page and select paste.Plywood is usually sold in 4 x 8-foot sheets. The most common nominal thicknesses of plywood are 1/2 inch and 3/4 inch, but once again the actual sizes are slightly different. A sheet of 1/2-inch plywood is really 15/32 inch thick, while a 3/4-inch sheet is 23/32 inch thick. Plywood is graded so that each face receives a grade of A, B, C, or D ...Inches to Pixels Converter. You can also use our pixel converter to convert inches to pixels. Please type the inch value and the resolution value to convert inches to pixels (px). 1 in = 96 px. px: pixels, in: inches, dpi: dots per inch (pixel density) Facebook Twitter.Aug 1, 2023 · PHP Character Encoding Requirements; Multibyte String Functions. mb_check_encoding — Check if strings are valid for the specified encoding; mb_chr — Return character by Unicode code point value; mb_convert_case — Perform case folding on a string; mb_convert_encoding — Convert a string from one character encoding to another PHP is an open-source, interpreted, and object-oriented scripting language that can be executed at the server-side. PHP is well suited for web development. Therefore, it is used to develop web applications (an application that executes on the server and generates the dynamic page.). PHP was created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994 but appeared in the ...The Indian passport photo size dimensions are set at 51x51 mm or (2"x2") The picture should be in color. The background should be white or off-white with no distracting objects. The print quality should be consistent. You face - from forehead to chin - should be clearly visible on the photo. No object should obscure any part of your face. 4″ x 4″ x 4 mm. 1500.00. 2″ x 6″ x 2 mm. 3000.00. 3″ x 1″ x 2 mm. 1580.00. Price and Standard Size of Tubular Steel or Steel Tube per pc In the Philippines. Commercially Available Length for Tubular Steel or Steel Tube is 6 meters. UPDATED: Construction Material Prices for Tubular Steel in the Philippines (July 2023)Aug 1, 2023 · The function mime_content_type only worked for me on Microsoft Windows after I added the directive "mime_magic.debug" to my php.ini with the value of "On". The default value appears to be "Off". Exampe: [mime_magic] mime_magic.debug = On. mime_magic.magicfile = "c:\php\extras\magic.mime". up. First, you need to choose a formal photo that you want to make into a 1×1 photo. Take note that the photo must be somewhat formal or presentable as it would be used in a formal document. Next, right-click on your photo and select copy. Then, open your Microsoft Word and create a blank document. Then, right-click on the blank page and select paste.Aug 1, 2023 · Bit shifting in PHP is arithmetic. Bits shifted off either end are discarded. Left shifts have zeros shifted in on the right while the sign bit is shifted out on the left, meaning the sign of an operand is not preserved. Right shifts have copies of the sign bit shifted in on the left, meaning the sign of an operand is preserved. Bushnell Prime 1-4x32 Rifle Scope RP1432BS3, Color: Black, Tube Diameter: 1 in, 31% Off After Instant Savings w/ Free Shipping. Government Export Restriction This item may be regulated for export by the U.S. Department of State or the U.S. Department of Commerce. Please see our Export Policy prior to placing your order.Aug 1, 2023 · PHP Character Encoding Requirements; Multibyte String Functions. mb_check_encoding — Check if strings are valid for the specified encoding; mb_chr — Return character by Unicode code point value; mb_convert_case — Perform case folding on a string; mb_convert_encoding — Convert a string from one character encoding to another PHP is a server side scripting language that is embedded in HTML. It is used to manage dynamic content, databases, session tracking, even build entire e-commerce sites. It is integrated with a number of popular databases, including MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, Sybase, Informix, and Microsoft SQL Server. PHP is pleasingly zippy in its execution ...PHP is a general-purpose scripting language geared towards web development. [9] It was originally created by Danish-Canadian programmer Rasmus Lerdorf in 1993 and released in 1995. [10] [11] The PHP reference implementation is now produced by the PHP Group. [12].